Descartes Applied To Biology Essays (699 words) - Nucleic Acids

Descartes Applied To Biology The Methods of Descartes Applied to the World of Biology Descartes method of questioning what is real is a very important aspect of the world of science. I will show how this method of philosophy is crucial to the studies of biology. Descartes said that the only time that something is not doubted is when it is clear and distinctly true. This is the difference in science between theory and fact. In order for something to be clear and distinct it must be a fact. DNA was discovered on April 25,1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. They discovered that it was a double helix made up of 5 carbon sugars, phosphates, and 4 different nitrogenous bases. This is where Descartes comes in to play. There was much questioning whether DNA even existed and if it did what was it like. DNA is only about 10 nanometers wide so it is extremely small and easily overlooked. There was much research done to try to figure out the structure of DNA molecules. Chargraff came up with the theory of there being 4 different nitrogenous bases in equal quantities purines and pyrimidines. This was eventually proven true but at the time was not definite. Descartes would not be satisfied with this because it wasn't clear and distinct fact yet. Different theories came up about the actual structure of the molecule. Originally Watson and Crick believed that the molecule could be single stranded and at one point they also believed that it might be triple stranded. This still was only theory and not clear and distinct, so their research continued. Rosalind Franklin was an assistant on the DNA project. She was an X-ray crystallographer, which is someone who takes pictures of strands of DNA. Much research went on till one day a picture was taken to show the B form of DNA, which gave Watson and Crick the information that they had needed. This picture showed that DNA was double stranded and that it was in the shape of a double helix. It was with a little more research that it was finally proven that DNA was a double helix and due to this structure its function was also proven. It was now clear and distinct that DNA is real. If Watson and Crick just left their research at one of the other points such as the single strand or triple strand the real structure would not have been found. This would continue the doubt about DNA's existence and function. People would also be learning the wrong information because they would be learning about theories that were never concluded. The same thing is being done with the cure to Cancer as well as many other diseases. Possible cures are thought up very often. These possible cures are far off to be factual. It takes many years of testing to really see whether the original theory of the cure will actually work. Even then there is still doubt. The problem with most drugs is that they react differently to each individual in terms of their success. This would make drugs go against what Descartes would trust because it is not fact. If you decide to take a drug to cure cancer it may not because there is no proven way at this time. Descartes' theory is pretty much the basis for the world of science in general. Science is made up of people doubting things and only believing in them when they are proven fact. This is what Descartes' whole point was in his theory. Trust only what is fact. Ideas begin with a hypothesis, which is an educated guess. The hypothesis is the basis for the research. They are then tested and theories arise. Theories are still not proven even though there has been research done. Much research needs to be done before it can be proven. Only then can the end result be clear and distinct fact. Biology and all science is based on these theories of questioning till proven. Science is respected because things are tested till they are clear and distinct facts. This is why science can be trusted by the ideals of Descartes. Philosophy Essays

Educating Children With Autism †Childhood Development Essay

Educating Children With Autism – Childhood Development Essay Free Online Research Papers Educating Children With Autism Childhood Development Essay The numbers of children with autism has been growing in recent years. Questions about autism and educating those with autism has been growing even more. According to statistics from the internet for reasons unknown, autism is growing at a rate of 10-17% per year(â€Å"Autism,† 2000). Some speculations for children acquiring autism are vaccines containing Thimerosal (2000). Thimerosal is a mercury-based preservative and know neurotoxin no longer used in childhood vaccines (2000). A Danish study showing all children born in Denmark between 1990-1996 shows no difference between children who received the Thimerosal vaccine and those who didn’t (2000). Likewise, Sweden, where Thimerosal was eliminated in 1993, shows autism continues to grow (2000). Researchers current thinking is that genetic factors are involved, but have yet to identify a single gene or â€Å"trigger† that causes autism- there are many, many other theories (â€Å"Autism,† 2000). Autism can usually be detected between 18 months and 3 years(â€Å"Autism,† 2000). Parents are usually the first to notice that there child is focused on one thing, have repetitive movements, stemming, difficulty, with social issues, and unusual responses to certain sounds or the way an object looks(2000). Autism is a spectrum disorder, symptoms and characteristics present themselves in a wide variety of combinations, from mild to severe and can include seizures and mental retardation, which ultimately causes problems in education, according to the article from remedyfind.com (2000). There is no cure, but evidence over the last 15 years indicates intensive early intervention, in optimal educational settings, for at least 2 years during the preschool years, results in improved outcomes in most children(â€Å"Autism,† 2000). Treatment approaches include occupational and physical therapies such as sensory integration and behavior modification techniques. Most important is the socialization (2000). Children with autism learn by example suggestions and appropriate responses for the situation in question; for example, teaching autistic kids how to dress for rainy weather (Elliot 2000). It’s raining, it’s cloudy, it’s cold, you wear a raincoat, and use an umbrella children with autism, also learn by example, experience or role playing (2000). Schedules and rule cards must be precise and used consistently (2000). Rewards, classroom setting and teaching autistic kids how to dress for rainy weather(2000). It’s raining, it’s cloudy, it’s cold, you wear a raincoat, use an umbrella (2000). To solve behavior differences, a medley of strategies are used to fit the individual, the environment and the situation(2000). This is regardless of the label that may be used (2000). A label gives us an inkling of characteristics that fit certain behaviors(2000). Mel Levine in Educational Week 12/00 insisted that â€Å"the brain is too complex for one method that will solve our education goals† (Elliot 2000). The goal is â€Å"to equip educators with the latest research about children’s brain development, and then help them put that knowledge to good use in the classroom† (2000). We must, in turn, assist parents, students and peers as well to accept, facilitate development and support educational efforts (2000). Autism Spectrum Disorders. (2000). Remedy Find. TRUSTe. 7 Mar 2005 from www.remedyfind.com/hc-Autism.asp Elliot, Laura.(2000).Visual and Social Strategies for Students Who May Have Communication Delays or Individual Behaviors That Must Be Accommodated. Retrieved 7 Mar. 2005 from Capistrano Unified School District at Research Papers on Educating Children With Autism - Childhood Development EssayInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Project Managment Office SystemStandardized TestingResearch Process Part OneGenetic EngineeringThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UsePersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Paraphrase and improve presenting style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paraphrase and improve presenting style - Essay Example The sources of these sounds are categorized in relation to their engagement of the basis of molecular formation; solids, liquids and gasses. Background: In terms of pitch and frequency discrimination tasks, human performance has been intensively researched with its primary focus upon the duration of repetitive wavecycles. These studies concluded that an individuals’ increasing exposure to wavecycles subsequently increases their performance. This revelation would contribute to the understanding of the evolution of animal’s communicative sounds, particularly from single-pulse resonances which became repetitive expressions of the same stimulus. A study conducted by Hsieh and Saberi (2007) found that an increase in performance coincided with the lengths of exposure duration, where increasing exposure increased performance. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect repetition has upon human performance, particularly how the number of exposure periods to a damped sinusoid and double damped sinusoids increases the individuals’ performances. The experimenter then compared the effect on individuals’ performances, focusing between damped and double damped sinusoids. Method: Ten participants with average auditory abilities were recruited from a single population; the staff and students of the university. The experimenters exposed the subjects to an increasing number of periods (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16) of a damped and double damped sinusoid. They accomplished this by using â€Å"a three alternative forced choice method and a one up three down adaptive procedure stair case† in conjunction with the examination of the Just Noticeable Difference threshold in the subject’s ability to discriminate the exposure to varying frequencies. The experimenters labeled the samples in this study as â€Å"looks†, as their multiple-look models would collectively account for the collected data which came from the temporal

Design history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Design history - Essay Example ifferent time periods and thus have different styles,, Lucian Bernhard’s Priester Matches (1905), and Stefan Sagmeister, AIGA poster (1999 they are all innovations that derive from the social problems at that time and given place. It is significant that these innovations were made to solve social problems. William Morris’s design of a chapter cover for Ruskin, The Nature of Gothic, clearly shows that it evolved from a social concern in which the Industrial Revolution caused a deficiency of aesthetic advertising and artwork. People did not want to spend their time on flyers that ultimately disappear and be surpassed with new artwork within a few days. William Morris realized that this problem came out of the Industrial Revolution and he attempted to fill society with beauty through decorative and ornamental artwork. He believed that beautiful designs would benefit the people and help to build morality in the people as well. Thus, his beliefs are clearly demonstrated in his design. As a leader of the art and crafts movement, he used very ornamental decorations on the borders of the cover and he showed how he considered aesthetics as an important part of his design. He borrowed medieval imagery and adapted it to a style more suited to the 19th century. His designs helped propel th e art and crafts movement and replaced amateur designs, which lacked aesthetics. Similarly, Bernhard’s innovation was also one of the most successful designs that met the social needs of the day. After the Industrial Revolution, many new businesses were established. At that time, every company’s advertisements followed Art Nouveau. The typical advertisement of the day was busy and crowded looking. Within this vast amount of companies, it was really hard to identify one from another. In contrast to the ornamental and decorative style that dominated advertising and artwork at that time, Bayer’s design was definitely an innovative style. Unlike other advertisements, he did not use

Death penalty and its affects on the economy Research Paper

Death penalty and its affects on the economy - Research Paper Example The question arises if the death penalty is worth-applying if its efficiency is so doubtful and, moreover, it is considered to be unethical. It is essential to think over the issue as the government of several states still spends much budget facilities on the not well-grounded and unreasonable killing. We should not forget that in some cases capital punishment is applied to innocent people. This fact again reminds that capital punishment is unethical and ungrounded. The given paper will try to answer this question and define how much death penalty costs our government and if it would be more rational to direct this finances on the programs, which are proved to be efficient in crime prevention (Gaie, 2004). The analysis of the current state of the United States’ police brings upsetting results. The facts testify that in the current conditions of crisis the state is forced to fire many policemen, to release prisoners before the appointed time. And if to add the overfull courts, we will have the full picture of the current situation: the crime is rising rapidly. The state of criminal justice system was shaken due to the economic crisis the country is currently going through. The recession influenced every state differently: in Georgia the state had to fire around 1000 of police employees and in New Jersey 500 policemen remained without job. In Texas rearrests are frequent as prisoners can’t be kept for long. In Florida more than 3000 prisoners were released before the appointed time. Some of these states, and they are Texas, Florida and Georgia, spend too much money on death penalty without any positive result. â€Å"Over two-thirds of the states and the federal government have installed an exorbitantly expensive system of capital punishment which has been a failure by any measure of effectiveness. Literally hundreds of millions of dollars have already been spent on a response to crime which is calculated to be carried out on a few people each year and which has done nothing to stem the rise in violent crime† (Dieter). It is obvious that the high and ungrounded cost of death penalty makes the United States of America less safe as the financial facilities spent on death penalty are taken from the programs, the effectiveness of which are proved. For instance, in California the government does not have enough facilities to organize appropriate and needed policing, while it still spends much money on death penalty. Texas that is famous for the quantity of capital punishment cases, spend more than $2 million per case! It is no need to say that Texas is famous not only for the high number of death penalty cases, but also for its high murder rate. â€Å"The death penalty is escaping the decisive cost-benefit analysis to which every other program is being put in times of austerity. Rather than being posed as a single, but costly, alternative in a spectrum of approaches to crime, the death penalty operates at the extremes of pol itical rhetoric. Candidates use the death penalty as a facile solution to crime which allows them to distinguish themselves by the toughness of their position rather than its effectiveness† (Dieter). The capital punishment appears to be much more expensive that life imprisonment. First of all, the expenses on capital trials are very high as well as all the pre-trial procedures like professional witness research and the selection of jury cost much.

Animal Cells: Types and Functions

Animal Cells: Types and Functions I chose to do my research paper on an animal cell because I thought it would be interesting to see how an animal cell works. Animal are very complex when it comes to determining where the cell is found, the function of the cell, and all the organelles names and functions. An animal cell has many contents and thats why its very complex and important. The animal cell contents are cell membrane, Lysosome, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, vacuole, mitochondria, centrosome, cytoplasm, rough er, smooth er, ribosome, and Golgi body. The cell membrane is a thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. This is also called the membrane semipermeable which means allowing some substance passing through the cell and blocking others. The Lysosome is spherical organelles that function as a recycling center and a garbage disposal. Powerful digestive enzymes concentrated in the Lysosome break down worn out organelles and ship their building blocks to the cytoplasm where they are used to construct new organelles. Lysosomes also dismantle and recycle protein, lipids, and molecules. The digestion of a cells nutrients takes place here. A nucleus is a spherical body containing many organelles including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell by controlling protein synthesis and it also contains DNA chromosomes. The nucleus is also surrounded by the nuclear membrane. It is the largest organelle in an animal cell and it contains numerous strands of DNA. Long sections of eukaryotic DNA pack into the nucleus by wrapping the proteins. While the cell begins to divide, each DNA strand folds over itself several times forming a rod shaped chromosome. Another content of the animal cell is the nucleolu s. A nucleolus is an organelle within the nucleus and it is where the ribosomal DNA is produced. Also I believe cells have more than one nucleolus. A nuclear membrane is a membrane that surrounds the nucleus. A vacuole is a fluid filled membrane with surrounded cavities inside a cell. The vacuole is being filled with food that has been digested and wastes that are coming from the cell. The mitochondrion is a spherical rod shaped organelle with two membranes. The inner membrane is infolded many times forming a series of protections called cristae. The mitochondrion converts the energy stored into the glucose in ATP. ATP stands for adenosine triphate. This molecule serves as an energy battery for countless cellular processes, including the shuttling of substances across the plasma membrane, the building and transporting of proteins and lipids, the recycling of molecules and organelles, and the dividing of cells. A centrosome is a small body located near the nucleus and it has a dense center and radiating tubes. The centrosome is where the microtubules are made. During the process of mitosis, the centrosome divided into two parts and the two parts move to opposite sides. The cytoplasm is the jelly like material outside the cell nucleus where the organelles are located. There are two types of ER. The first type is rough ER. Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough surface and appearance. Rough ER transports materials through the cell and produces in sacks called cisternae, which are sent to the Golgi body or inserted into the cell membrane. The smooth ER is a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes located in the cells cytoplasm. The space inside the ER is called the lumen ER. The smooth ER also transports materials through the cell. The next content is the ribosome. The ribosome is a small organelle composed of RNA and rich cytoplasmic granules that are sited of protein synthesis. The last content of the animal cell is the Golgi body. The Golgi body is a flattened, layered sac like organelle that is located near the nucleus. It also produces the membranes that surround the Lysosomes. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membranes. The overall function of an animal cell is that they are the building blocks of tissues, organs, and whole organisms. The cell also carries around DNA of an animal. The animal cell has no chlorophyll. Also the animal does not have a cell wall because the animal cell has only cell membranes that are made up of phospholipids bilayer and proteins that hold up and protect the cell and the parts of the cell animal cells are also smaller and have no permanent vacuoles. The animal cell has no cellulose and is made up of almost cytoplasm. The eukaryotic cell is a lot larger than the prokaryotic cell. The eukaryotic is different from the paralytic cell because the eukaryotic cell houses a nucleus and numerous other membrane enclosed organelles. These organelles enable specialized functions to be carried out efficiently. The building pf proteins and lipids take place in separate organelles where the specialized enzymes are located. I loved working on this research paper because it got me thinki ng about becoming a biologist. I thought that cells were just something in your body but now I know its more than that. There is a whole other world.

My Own Understanding Of Politics :: essays research papers

My Own Understanding of Politics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A means by which individuals and interest groups compete to shape government’s impact on society’s problems and goals.† Politics is easily defined. It is the concept behind the words that is more difficult to understand. Though politics is the primary method of communicating with government, this is not the only time politics are used. Immediate, individual interests, wants, and needs must be satisfied, as well as societal problems. The pursuit of interest is the purpose and initiation of political behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The moment an individual actively pursues an interest or works toward the completion of a goal, it is projected outside him. For example, a person is shopping for a car. The situation is no longer individual because he cannot achieve his goal of obtaining a new car alone; another person or dealership must make the car available to him. Because the person selling the car also has a goal, there is interplay of interests, and the implications of politics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Negotiation over a car, or anything of interest involves a distribution of attention from one side to another. Just as a car has a seller and a buyer, the government has different political parties, and each issue has a group for and against it. Gaining cooperation from the other side requires strategy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tactics used range from peaceful, including persuasion and civil disobedience, to violent. But the expectation of reward and the actual probability of reward essentially dictate political action. Rewards are both individual and societal. Power and the ability to control motivate our political leaders. Desire for wealth fuels citizens and the economy. Skilled citizens are represented in the technologically advanced Japanese population. Enlightenment comes from an educated society. Health is invaluable to everyone, and to society when average life spans increase. And finally, respect, morality, and affection are the values that make up a person’s essence. Government is just as involved in the distribution of rewards and the claiming of values as individuals. Its leadership is the nucleus of society. The government allocates resources (money), deciding the fate of such programs as Medicare and welfare reform and the means, usually tax dollars, to pay for these programs. Government is the goal-attaining unit, and its decisions reflect those goals. The government is responsible for building a foundation now to prepare for the future. These decisions for the future are some of the most difficult ones to make.

Major Assignment

This assignment must be done in pairs; individual assignments will not be accepted. Preferably. You must select a person from within your tutorial group as your assignment partner. 3. Your assignment MUST be word processed. Hand written assignments will NOT be accepted. 4. Ensure that your names, ID No's, tutor's name and tutorial day and time are stated clearly on the cover page, which can be downloaded from Model. 5.A penalty of 10% will be deducted each day or part thereof that the assignment s late. Check late assignment policy. 6. Use proper in text referencing, footnotes and a bibliography. Popularized/copied assignments will be awarded a ZERO (O) mark, 7. 8. 9. Font size of 12 should be used with single line spacing. Word limit for this assignment is 1500 words. All answers will have to be submitted into TURN-IT-IN on model on the due Case Article: Read â€Å"Whininess seeks mining lease extension† by Archon Ala, Fiji Sun 5th March, 2013. [A copy of the article is attac hed on next page] RequiredCompile a based on the following questions, in light of reading the case article and relevant readings. In writing your answers, you may provide quotes from the article to support your answer. Assume that you and your partner have been appointed as consultants and have been requested by the investors of Asia Pacific Resources Limited to provide them a business report in regards to the following: * Explain which underlying ‘accounting assumption' is managing director Mathew Hugging most concerned about and the reasons for his concerns.I * â€Å"For the investors, the Government and the landowners the only way in which to earn income from Whininess is by operating the mine. † * Clearly explain how each party would earn income from the Whininess mine. I * Evaluate whether ‘exploration costs' for mining companies' are assets? Why or why not? I * Evaluate whether the land on which the Whininess Mine sits, is an asset of Asia Pacific Resources Limited or the landowners. * * Evaluate whether the company would have a liability in regards to the damages to the environment as a result of mining.

7 Helpful Time Management Activities for College Students

7 Helpful Time Management Activities for College Students Time management is probably one of the most important skills for surviving and thriving in college - and in life. Its a wonder more schools dont include it as a class for freshmen. Juggling classes, labs, study time, work, exercise, extracurricular activities, volunteer work, parties, and sleep is a major challenge. These tips will help you create an organized life so you can succeed at everything you do! 1. Use a Planner Whether its an app or a plain old spiral notebook, a planner is essential for keeping track of your schedule. Dont make the mistake of telling yourself youll remember it all. Use only one system, and write down everything - including time to sleep and time to play! 2. Determine Your Priorities Speaking of sleep and play, some people need more of some activities than others. Effective time management depends on your bodys needs, your personal values, and your ability to prioritize. If you can get by on six hours of sleep, thats great. But if you know you need at least eight hours in order to function, dont even pretend that six will work. 3. Go to Class First of all, youre probably paying top dollar for those classes. Second, trying to make up for what you have missed almost always takes longer than the actual class would have. Borrowing notes and doubling up on assignments is a pain. So save yourself time and trouble and go. Go in your pajamas and shades if you have to. Just show up. And some instructors give attendance points, so why not maximize your grade just by breathing in the right room? 4. If At First You Dont Succeed†¦ If you try using a planner and it doesnt work for you, dont give up. Try something else. The cold, hard truth of modern adult life is that you have to get in the habit of scheduling your day. Theres just too much going on to wing it without missing something. Find the system that works for you. It doesnt have to be the hottest thing on the market. You might do better by downgrading your system to something simpler. 5. Leave Some Room Remember that you need time to commute between activities, use the bathroom, grab a drink, and so forth. Dont sandwich things so tightly that you have no room to breathe. Include time cushions between appointments as much as you can. Youll also want to block out large chunks of free time to accommodate those unexpected things, such as a midnight fast-food run or Game of Thrones or True Detective marathon. 6. Just Say No You cant do it all and expect to get good grades and graduate on time. Once in a while, youre going to have to turn down a party in favor of sleep, or a workout in favor of extra study time. Remember those priorities we talked about earlier? Write them down if you have to. Number them in order of importance. Then, when faced with two choices, youll easily know what to do. You may not always make the best choice, but most of the time, youll be able to stick to your guns. 7. Plan for Next Semester You can try to arrange next semesters class schedule to suit you better. If you spent most of the current semester hitting Snooze or skipping those 8 a.m. classes, do everything you can to avoid early morning courses. And if you ended up with weird chunks of time between classes that were too short to do anything productive, try to schedule next semesters courses back to back. Get them all out of the way, and then youll be left with larger chunks of time that are more flexible for your needs. Tell your advisor about your priorities, and he or she can help you work out an ideal class plan. Time management doesnt have to be a drag. Once you go through this list and get in the habit of planning, it will become second nature. And youre sure to see an improvement in your grades and your overall quality of life.

Political Theory of Lying in America essays

Political Theory of Lying in America essays The significance of lying in American politics. The Americans, as a people do a lot of lying. America's current political system is overflowing with deception and corruption.i ¿Ã‚ ½ However, the deception and corruption is presented to the public in such a way from the most respected and trusted sources that everybody believes almost everything they hear on the news as if "that's all you need to know about it".i ¿Ã‚ ½ Who ever controls the use of the shallow street talk controls the depth of involvement the public will have in finding a solution to the multiple social dilemmas at hand. People are free to believe the open society lies told by the media.i ¿Ã‚ ½ Americans are open to lies of all sorts, and the U.S. government is a democratically run democracy.i ¿Ã‚ ½ How is it possible for the U.S. government people to "help" write a Constitution for the Iraqi people in six months or a year as they claim when it will take at least two years of debate in Congress to decide if telemarketers selling all kinds of unsolicited materials are "protected" by the Constitution'i ¿Ã‚ ½ i ¿Ã‚ ½ We are open to telling gigantic lies, and little lies, and leaving it up to the perceivers to sort out the meanings for application to each individual situation.i ¿Ã‚ ½ America's leaders cannot be trusted to do what they say they will do.i ¿Ã‚ ½ They rarely hold up to their campaign promises, and its always the other party's fault.i ¿Ã‚ ½ Each presidency does bring its own unique style to the task of deceiving the citizenry. And at least you can derive some truths about a president from the way he chooses to lie to you. The characteristic lying style of George Bush the Elder derived from his core belief that politics and real life are separate realms. This derived in turn from the cherished preppy-snob distinction be...

Knowledge Management and information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Knowledge Management and information - Essay Example In fact, as a medium sized organization currently employing 100 individuals, it is even more important that our company manage this knowledge exactly because we lack the market share and resources that large corporations have at their disposal. Therefore, at BioPack we need to be more responsive, more flexible, and make better decisions in order to sustain and grow in our industry. Managing knowledge will be primary in our quest to achieve these goals. So, we need to ask ourselves what exactly constitutes knowledge. We must define this concept before we can start managing this information. According to Neil Fleming in his paper Coping with a Revolution: First, data is meaningless by itself, meaningless without some context that references it within space and time. The pieces of data may indeed represent information, yet we need to understand this data for it to be deemed informative. Moreover, the extent of understanding is based on the amount of associations discernable within the data collected. Thus, information is simply an understanding of the relationships between any collected set of data. And while this information provides us with a basic understanding of relationships between data sets, it fails to provide us with either future predictions or an understanding of why the data appears the way it does. So, this data collection we now deem information fails to provide knowledge. However, when a pattern emerges within this information, knowledge is possible. Patterns, unlike collected data or information, are seldom static but rather self-contextualizing. And when patterns are properly understood, we can predict with reliabili ty how that pattern will change over a period of time. This is the embryonic stage of changing our information into a form of knowledge. When one attains a clear understanding of the underlying principles that make up these patterns that are the basis for knowledge, wisdom, or wise decisions within the workplace become possible. It is important to note that the sequence just mentioned-data-information-knowledge-wisdom does not occur in discrete stages of development. It does not take place locked up in one of our laboratories. It is ongoing, and at any given time we might be better or somewhat worse in our understanding of that data. The quality of our understanding will be key in accomplishing our goal or mission statement: To create a workplace environment that encourages new ideas and new ways of solving problems in order to stimulate innovation and synergism in the creation of new products. To continually delight the customer with our quality, and to be a leader in biotechnology research. Still, all knowledge is not created equal. According to Michael Polanyi, one type of knowledge may be classified as explicit or formal knowledge, or that which can be articulated through language among individuals. The other type is deemed tacit or informal knowledge, and is rooted in individual experience, personal belief, and individual values (The Tacit Dimension 10). As

Chinas Threats Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chinas Threats - Essay Example Finally, the effects of these threats must be evaluated. Many believe that the four most important issues regarding this question are 1) population 2) economic 3) military and 4) technology. While these areas are easily justified, the real reason behind the threat is somewhat unclear. This is largely because China, as an international role player, has no known or declared objectives. Thus, in order to have a basic idea on China's immediate and future plans, one must look back in history and decipher China's policies and ideals. In the 1960s, according to Okabe (1968), China's medium-range objectives consist of the following: promotion of world revolution and acquisition of resources, markets and territories; bolstering national security primarily against the American "threats;" and asserting its role in the international community. Although the ideals of a world revolution are hard to discern in the current objectives of China, at that time, it was apparent that its leaders valued the importance of promoting world revolution to obtain lasting peace. Related to this is the aim of achieving self-reliance as manifested by the need to add territories, markets and resources. Self-reliance entails capability of protecting a nation internally and externally thus fortifying national security is a logical step. ... Population threat Being the most populated country in the world, China has always been considered a threat to the rest of the nations. The truth is, in order to avoid perpetual explosion of its population, China had come up with a policy obliging couples to have only one offspring. Issues had been raised regarding the implementation of the said strategy but nevertheless, an estimate of 300 million people would have added to China's population if the policy was not applied. In less than three decades, China achieved a far more advanced transition in terms of demography, an area wherein other developed countries spend centuries to attain. According to the country's Census, the total population of China as of 2000 is 1,242,610,000. Hand-in-hand with this is a relatively low total fertility rate of 1.2 which is a lot less than the figures previously reported. These records made an impact to people by raising speculations whether the results were reliable or not. Majority of the country's population believ ed that the Census might have underestimated the accurate population count of China; stating, too, that many of the younger members of country's inhabitants especially the newborns were not reported and registered in China's Census. The population figures and total fertility rate reported by the Census, whether it contained underestimated and unreported data, are still far less than the possible rate of population replacement of 2.1. At this point, the country's population would be described as steady or stationary. Therefore, no matter what the reported values were, it is undoubtedly evident that China was able to control the